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KMID : 1025520000420050605
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Journal of Animal Science and Technology
2000 Volume.42 No. 5 p.605 ~ p.618
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Relative Contribution of Rumen Anaerobic Microbial Fractions(Bacteria , Protozoa and Fungi) in the Degradation of Cell Wall Constituents
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신기준/Shin, K. J.
이성실/하종규/박정근/케이제이쳉/Lee, S. S./Ha, J. K./Park, J. G./Cheng, K. J.
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Abstract
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To study the relative contributions of microbial groups (bacteria, protozoa and fungi) in rumen fluids to the overall process of cell wall digestion in the rumen, representatives of these groups were selected by physical treatment, chemical treatment and physicochemical treatments of whole rumen fluids. Physical treatments were performed by centrifuge, filteration and autoclave based on their size and weight. Chemical treatments were also performed by the addition of antibiotics and chemicals to rumen fluids as follows; antibacterial agent[streptomycin sulfate, penicillin G potassium and chloramphenicol(0.010㎎/㎖l each)], antiprotozoan agent[copper sulfate(0.15㎎/㎖), sodium lauryl sulfate (0.010mglml) and dioctyl sulfossucinate sodium salts(0.200㎎/㎖}], and antifungal agent[cychloheximide (0.05㎎/㎖) and nystatin(200U/㎖)].
To evaluate the potential activity and relative contribution to degradation of cell walls by specific microbial groups, the following fractions were prepared: a positive system (whole ruminal fluid), a bacterial (B) system, a protozoan (P) system, a fungal (F) system and a negative system (cell free rumen fluid). To assess the interactions between specific microbial fractions mixed cultures (B+P, B+F, and P+F) were also assigned. Patterns of degradation due to the various treatments resulted in three distinct groups of data based on the degradation rate of cell wall material and on cell wall degrading enzyme activities. The order of degradation was Positive and F systems $gt; B system $gt; Negative and P systems. Therefore, fungal activity was responsible for most of the cell wall degradation. Cell wall degradation by the anaerobic bacterial fraction was significantly less than by the fungal fraction and the protozoan fraction failed to grow under the conditions used.
In general, in the mixed culture systems the co-culture systems demonstrated a decrease in cellulolysis compared with the monoculture systems. When one microbial fraction was associated with another microbial fraction, two types of results were obtained. The protozoan fraction inhibited cellulolysis of cell wall material by both the bacterial and fungal fraction, while in the coculture between the bacterial fraction and fungal fraction, a synergistic interaction was detected.
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